Railway traffic controllers and marine traffic regulators – NOC : 2275

Unit Group

2275 Railway traffic controllers and marine traffic regulators

Railway traffic controllers co-ordinate passenger and freight train traffic on railways. They are employed by rail transport companies. Marine traffic regulators monitor and regulate coastal and inland marine traffic within assigned waterways. They are employed by port, harbour, canal and lock authorities and by the Canadian Coast Guard.

Example Titles

chief rail traffic controller

marine traffic regulator

rail traffic controller

train operator

View all titles

Main duties

Railway traffic controllers perform some or all of the following duties:

Operate and monitor centralized traffic control systems to co-ordinate and follow railway traffic
Chart train movements, calculate arrival and departure times and record rail traffic information
Issue instructions to control the movement of passenger and freight train traffic and on-track mobile maintenance equipment
Receive, record and relay train instructions to train crew by hand or radio telephone
May supervise and train other railway traffic controllers.

Marine traffic regulators perform some or all of the following duties:

Direct and monitor vessel movements using radar or closed circuit monitors, remote radio systems and other telecommunication equipment
Obtain position, course, speed and estimated arrival time of vessels and monitor vessel progress through traffic zone
Issue clearance instructions to vessels, advise vessels of traffic volumes and weather conditions, and relay information to next marine traffic control sector
Report accidents, distress signals, navigational hazards and other emergencies to authorities
Maintain radio and telephone contact with adjacent marine control sectors and with vessels within area of jurisdiction
Maintain log of vessel movements, size and structure.

Employment requirements

Railway traffic controllers usually require completion of secondary school and several years of experience in the railway industry.
Up to 35 weeks of a combination of classroom and on-the-job training is provided for railway traffic controllers.
Railway traffic controllers require a Canadian Rail Operating Rules certificate.
Marine traffic regulators require completion of secondary school and several months of formal traffic regulator training.

Additional information

There is little mobility between traffic controlling occupations in the railway and marine sectors.
With experience, railway traffic controllers may progress to supervisory positions in rail transport operations.

Classified elsewhere

Harbour masters (in 0714 Facility operation and maintenance managers )
Subway traffic controllers and light rail transit dispatchers (in 7305 Supervisors, motor transport and other ground transit operators )
Supervisors, railway transport operations (7304)

Lawyers and Quebec notaries – NOC : 4112

Unit Group

4112 Lawyers and Quebec notaries

Lawyers and Quebec notaries advise clients on legal matters, represent clients before administration boards and draw up legal documents such as contracts and wills. Lawyers also plead cases, represent clients before tribunals and conduct prosecutions in courts of law. Lawyers are employed in law firms and prosecutor’s offices. Quebec notaries are employed in notary offices. Both lawyers and Quebec notaries are employed by federal, provincial and municipal governments and various business establishments or they may be self-employed. Articling students are included in this group.

Example Titles

Crown attorney

articling law student

corporate counsel

law partner

lawyer

legal advisor

legislative counsel

notary (Quebec)

prosecutor

solicitor

View all titles

Main duties

Lawyers and Quebec notaries perform some or all of the following duties:

Advise clients of their legal rights and all matters related to law
Research legal precedents and gather evidence
Plead clients’ cases before courts of law, tribunals and boards (lawyers only)
Draw up legal documents such as real estate transactions, wills, divorces and contracts, and prepare statements of legal opinions
Negotiate settlements of civil disputes (lawyers only)
Perform administrative and management functions related to the practice of law
May act as mediator, conciliator or arbitrator
May act as executor, trustee or guardian in estate and family law matters.

Lawyers and Quebec notaries may specialize in specific areas of the law such as criminal law (lawyers only), corporate law, contract law, taxation law, administrative law, international law, commercial law, real estate law, family and estate law, intellectual property law and labour law.

Employment requirements

Lawyers
Two to three years of undergraduate studies or, in Quebec, completion of a college program
and
A bachelor’s degree from a recognized law school
and
Successful completion of the bar examination and completion of a period of articling are required.
Licensing by the provincial or territorial law society is required.
Notaries (Quebec)
A bachelor’s degree from a recognized law school and a Diploma of Notarial Law (D.D.N.)
or
A master’s degree of law with specialization in notarial law
and
A 32-week vocational training program are required.
Registration with the Corporation of Notaries is required.

Additional information

Lawyers wishing to practise in another province or territory may be required to pass examinations set by the provincial or territorial law society.

Classified elsewhere

Legal department directors (in 0114 Other administrative services managers )
Legal firm managers (in 0125 Other business services managers )
Notaries public and trademark agents who are not lawyers (in 4211 Paralegal and related occupations )
Patent agents who are not lawyers or Quebec notaries (in 4161 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers )

Artisans and craftspersons – NOC : 5244

Unit Group

5244 Artisans and craftspersons

This unit group includes those who use manual and artistic skills to design and make ornamental objects, pottery, stained glass, jewellery, rugs, blankets, other handicrafts and artistic floral arrangements. Makers of musical instruments are also included in this unit group. Most craftspersons are self-employed. Artistic floral arrangers are usually employed in florist shops and floral departments of retail establishments, or may be self-employed. Craft instructors are also included in this unit group and are employed by artisan guilds, colleges, private studios and recreational organizations.

Example Titles

artistic floral arranger

carver

craft instructor (except education)

craftsperson

glass blower

lace weaver – arts and crafts

leather worker

metal arts worker

potter

screen printing artisan

silversmith

stained glass artist

stringed instrument maker

totem pole carver

weaver – arts and crafts

View all titles

Main duties

The following is a summary of main duties for some occupations in this unit group:

Carvers use hand tools and woodworking machines to produce carvings from wood, stone and other materials and to carve ornamental designs into wooden furniture and other objects.
Glass blowers design and create glass objects using blowpipes and artisan’s hand tools and equipment.
Metal arts workers design metal jewellery, utensils, implements, wall hangings and other objects and create them from gold, silver, copper, pewter and other metals.
Potters design ornamental and ceramic functional earthenware pieces and create them using clay, moulds, potter’s wheels and other equipment, glazing materials and kilns.
Stained glass artists design stained glass windows, lampshades and other objects and cut, paint, fire and assemble pieces of stained glass to create such products.
Instrument makers construct instruments applying their knowledge of wood, ebonite, metal properties and other materials and instrument design using hand and power tools.
Weavers use hands or loom to interlace strips of flexible material such as wool, cotton, silk, grasses, bark and rawhide to make baskets, wreaths, wall hangings, clothing, rugs, blankets and other objects.
Craft instructors prepare craftmaking lessons, gather the required working materials and demonstrate and teach craftmaking techniques.
Artistic floral arrangers design bouquets, corsages, sprays, wreaths and other floral arrangements and select natural and artificial flowers, foliage and decorative accessories to create arrangements or other floral items to suit customers’ requirements.

Employment requirements

Skills are often learned through apprenticeship with a master craftsperson.
Training programs are offered by artisan guilds, colleges and private studios.
Creative ability and talent, as demonstrated by a portfolio of work, and knowledge of safe handling of material, tools and equipment are required.
A college diploma in fine craft techniques may be required.

Classified elsewhere

Cabinetmakers (7272)
Fabric-making occupations in manufacturing (in 9442 Weavers, knitters and other fabric making occupations )
Jewellers, jewellery and watch repairers and related occupations (6344)
Painters, sculptors and other visual artists (5136)

Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors – NOC : 2244

Unit Group

2244 Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors

This unit group includes mechanics and technicians who install, adjust, repair and overhaul aircraft instrument, electrical or avionics systems on aircraft. This unit group also includes avionics inspectors who inspect instrument, electrical and avionics systems following assembly, modification, repair or overhaul. Workers in this unit group are employed by aircraft manufacturing, maintenance, repair and overhaul establishments and by airlines and other aircraft operators.

Example Titles

aircraft electrical technician

aircraft electrician

aircraft instrument mechanic

aircraft instrument technician

aircraft maintenance engineer (AME) – avionics

avionics maintenance technician

avionics technician

inspector, avionics

instrument inspector, aircraft

instrument overhaul and repair mechanic – avionics

View all titles

Main duties

The following is a summary of main duties for some occupations in this unit group:

Aircraft instrument mechanics and technicians repair and overhaul, install, calibrate and test aircraft instruments.
Aircraft electrical mechanics and technicians repair and overhaul, modify, install and test aircraft electrical systems and equipment.
Avionics mechanics and technicians troubleshoot, repair and overhaul, test, modify, install and inspect aircraft electronic systems and components including communications, navigation, and autoflight equipment.
Avionics inspectors inspect and test aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics systems and ensure that the installation, maintenance, repair and overhaul of these systems meet Transport Canada and company standards of performance and safety.

Aircraft mechanics and technicians who work in repair and overhaul shops service and test electrical, electronic and instrument components.Avionics mechanics and technicians who work in maintenance hangars troubleshoot, repair, install and inspect aircraft systems and components.

Employment requirements

Aircraft instrument and avionics mechanics and technicians require completion of a two- to three-year college program in avionics or electronics.
Aircraft electrical mechanics and technicians require completion of a college program as an electrical or electronic technician.
Four years of on-the-job or company apprenticeship training is required for all mechanics and technicians in this unit group.
Avionics inspectors require completion of a two- to three-year college program in avionics or electronics
and
Three to five years of experience as an avionics mechanic or technician.
Avionics inspectors, mechanics and technicians who sign maintenance releases and certify airworthiness require an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer’s (AME) licence (category E – avionics) issued by Transport Canada.
Industry certification is available from the Canadian Aviation Maintenance Council for some occupations in this unit group.
In Quebec, membership in the regulatory body for professional technologists is required to use the title "Professional Technologist."

Additional information

Avionics inspectors, maintenance technicians and mechanics may acquire further endorsements to their AME licence allowing them to inspect and certify a broader range of aircraft and avionics systems.
An AME licence can be obtained by fulfilling the education and training requirements as stated above and passing Transport Canada AME examinations.
Progression to supervisory positions within specific areas of expertise is possible with experience.

Classified elsewhere

Aircraft assemblers and aircraft assembly inspectors (9521)
Aircraft mechanics and maintenance engineers who maintain and inspect aircraft structures, mechanical, hydraulic or propulsion systems (in 7315 Aircraft mechanics and aircraft inspectors )
Airworthiness inspectors – government (in 2262 Engineering inspectors and regulatory officers )
Electrical mechanics (7333)
Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics (2243)

Educational counsellors – NOC : 4033

Unit Group

4033 Educational counsellors

Educational counsellors advise current and prospective students on educational issues, career planning and personal development, and co-ordinate the provision of counselling services to students, parents, teachers, faculty and staff. They are employed by school boards and post-secondary educational institutions.

Example Titles

academic counsellor

career counsellor – education

school counsellor

student services counsellor

View all titles

Main duties

Educational counsellors perform some or all of the following duties:

Counsel students regarding educational issues such as course and program selection, time tables and scheduling, school adjustment, attendance problems and study skills
Counsel students regarding career or vocational issues including career exploration and planning, resume preparation, job interview skills and job search strategies and make available to them a wide range of educational and occupational information
Co-ordinate co-op and school-to-work transition programs, and the provision of counselling and information services, such as career information, professional development sessions and exchanges with other educational institutions, to students, parents, teachers, faculty and staff
Consult with teachers and parents or faculty and other professionals such as psychologists, speech therapists and social workers regarding various issues and concerns, and with administrators and community agencies regarding programs and referrals
Administer and interpret standardized intelligence, personality, vocational, aptitude and interest tests
Develop and co-ordinate study skills groups or workshops in high schools, colleges and universities on topics such as note-taking, test or examination anxiety and preparation strategies and time management skills
Visit colleges and secondary schools to provide academic information to prospective students, their parents and educational counsellors
Co-ordinate or participate in student orientation programs in colleges or universities
Arrange for employers to recruit graduating college and university students, and students for co-op education work terms
Counsel students regarding personal and social issues such as substance abuse, depression, sexuality, eating disorders, anxiety, self-esteem, family problems, relationship and interpersonal skills and anger management
Counsel students in crisis situations such as dealing with the death of a friend or family member, suicidal tendencies and abuse situations
May supervise peer counselling programs in school settings
May supervise field experience for graduate students in counselling
May teach regular classes.

Employment requirements

A bachelor’s degree in counselling, career development, education or social sciences is required for counsellors in school settings.
A master’s degree in counselling psychology or a related field such as educational psychology, developmental psychology or social work is usually required.
Educational counsellors in post-secondary settings require an undergraduate degree and may require a graduate degree. A particular academic specialization may also be required.
In Quebec, membership in L’Ordre des conseillers et conseill?res d’orientation et des psycho?ducateurs et psycho?ducatrices du Qu?bec is mandatory to use the title ”counsellor”.
A teacher’s certificate in the province of employment and some teaching experience is usually required for counsellors in school settings.
Educational counsellors in colleges and universities may require licensing from a provincial regulatory body governing psychologists, educational counsellors or social workers.

Additional information

Elementary school counsellors generally provide more social and personal counselling whereas academic counselling is provided more by high school counsellors.
Educational counsellors in colleges, universities and other settings may specialize in academic, career or personal issues counselling.

Classified elsewhere

Employment counsellors (4156)
Family, marriage and other related counsellors (4153)
School psychologists (in 4151 Psychologists )
Secondary school teachers (4031)
Social workers (4152)

Professional occupations in religion – NOC : 4154

Unit Group

4154 Professional occupations in religion

Ministers of religion conduct religious services, administer the rites of a religious faith or denomination, provide spiritual and moral guidance and perform other functions associated with the practice of a religion. Ministers of religion perform these duties in churches, synagogues, temples or other places of worship. They may also work in other institutions such as schools, hospitals and prisons.

Example Titles

archbishop

bishop

cardinal

chaplain

evangelist

granthi

imam

minister

moderator – religion

pastor

priest

rabbi

View all titles

Main duties

Ministers of religion perform some or all of the following duties:

Conduct regular religious services
Administer rites of faiths such as marriages and funerals
Pray and promote spirituality by delivering sermons and other talks
Provide spiritual and moral guidance to members of a religious faith
Supervise, plan and administer programs of religious education
May participate in humanitarian endeavours, social services and welfare activities
May share in the administrative and financial operation of a religious community
May provide consultation services to government and other organizations.

Employment requirements

Educational requirements vary, depending on the religion, and range from the completion of a college or other program in religious studies to a master’s of divinity degree.
A period of study with a senior minister is usually required.

Additional information

Progression to senior positions included in this unit group, within a religious order, is possible with experience.

Classified elsewhere

Other religious occupations (4217)

Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness – NOC : 5254

Unit Group

5254 Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness

Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness lead and instruct groups and individuals in recreational, sports, fitness or athletic programs. They are employed by community centres, sports and fitness clubs, outdoor centres, resorts, recreational facilities, health care facilities, retirement homes, correctional institutions, government departments, private businesses, tourism associations and similar establishments.

Example Titles

aerobics instructor

camp counsellor

certified personal trainer

day camp leader

fitness appraiser

fitness instructor

gymnastics teacher

lifeguard

personal trainer

playground worker

recreation program leader

recreation technician

riding instructor

ski instructor

ski patrol

swimming instructor – sports

View all titles

Main duties

Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness perform some or all of the following duties:

Plan and carry out recreational, athletic, fitness and sports activities
Assemble supplies and sports and game equipment
Demonstrate and instruct athletic, fitness or sports activities and techniques
Instruct groups and individuals in arts, crafts and similar activities and lead groups and individuals in recreational or leisure programs
Attend to clients with special needs
Provide lifestyle awareness information
Conduct therapeutic recreational or athletic activities
Monitor recreational, sports or fitness activities to ensure safety and provide emergency or first aid assistance when required
Enforce safety rules and regulations
Assist with co-ordination of special events
Schedule activities, keep logs, maintain records and prepare reports
May train and supervise staff
May maintain and repair sports equipment.

Employment requirements

Completion of secondary school is usually required.
Completion of a college program in recreation or physical education
or
extensive experience in a specific recreational or sports program activity is usually required.
Certification is usually required in a specific area of recreational, sports or fitness activity, such as ski instructor or personal trainer, or in first aid or emergency care.
Demonstrated ability in a particular recreational, sports or fitness discipline is required.
Fitness appraiser certification may be required for fitness appraisers.

Classified elsewhere

Other instructors (4216)
Recreation and sports supervisors (in 4167 Recreation, sports and fitness policy researchers, consultants and program officers )
Recreation, sports and fitness program and service directors (0513)

Other professional occupations in physical sciences – NOC : 2115

Unit Group

2115 Other professional occupations in physical sciences

This group includes metallurgists, soil scientists and physical scientists and researchers, not elsewhere classified, involved in the conduct of theoretical and applied research in fields of physical science. They are employed by governments, educational institutions and a wide range of industrial establishments.

Example Titles

astronaut

ballistics examiner

materials scientist

metallurgist

physical metallurgist

research scientist – ceramics

research scientist – composite materials

soil scientist

View all titles

Main duties

The following is a summary of the main duties for some occupations in this unit group:

Metallurgists conduct studies into the properties and production of metals and alloys.

Soil scientists conduct research into the composition, distribution and evolution of soils.

Materials scientists conduct research into the properties, composition and production of materials such as ceramics and composite materials.

Astronauts command, pilot or serve as crew members of a spacecraft to conduct scientific experiments and research, and participate in space missions as mission specialists to maintain spacecraft, install and repair space station equipment and launch and recapture satellites.

Employment requirements

A bachelor’s degree in metallurgy, physics, chemistry, or a related physical science discipline is required.

A master’s or doctoral degree is usually required for employment as a research scientist.

Advanced degrees in a broad range of applied science areas, such as engineering or medicine

Licences may be required for some occupations in this unit group.

Additional information

Mobility between specializations in this group may be possible with experience.

Mobility is possible with experience, to other fields of physical science or to management or regulatory program management.

Classified elsewhere

Air pilots, flight engineers and flying instructors (2271)

Architecture and science managers (0212)

Chemists (2112)

Metallurgical and materials engineers (2142)

Classification Structure – 2

Geological engineers – NOC : 2144

Unit Group

2144 Geological engineers

Geological engineers conduct geological and geotechnical studies to assess suitability of locations for civil engineering, mining and oil and gas projects; and plan, design, develop and supervise programs of geological data acquisition and analysis and the preparation of geological engineering reports and recommendations. Geological engineers are employed in consulting engineering companies, electrical utilities, mining and petroleum companies and in government and research and educational institutions.

Example Titles

geological engineer

geophysical engineer

hydrogeological engineer – engineering

View all titles

Main duties

Geological engineers perform some or all of the following duties:
Plan, develop and co-ordinate programs of geotechnical, geological, geophysical or geohydrological data acquisition, analysis and mapping to assist in the development of civil engineering, mining, petroleum and waste management projects or for regional development
Analyze and prepare recommendations and reports for construction or improvements to foundations of civil engineering projects such as rock excavation, pressure grouting and hydraulic channel erosion control
Analyze and prepare recommendations and reports on settlement of buildings, stability of slopes and fills, and probable effects of landslides and earthquakes to support construction and civil engineering projects
Conduct theoretical and applied study of groundwater flow and contamination and develop prescriptions for site selection, treatment and construction
Plan, develop, co-ordinate and conduct theoretical and experimental studies in mining exploration, mine evaluation and feasibility studies relative to the mining industry
Conduct surveys and studies of ore deposits, ore reserve calculations and mine design
Design, develop and implement computer applications for geophysics, geochemistry, geology, mapping and related fields
Supervise technologists, technicians and other engineers and scientists.

Employment requirements

A bachelor’s degree in geological engineering or in a related discipline is required.
A master’s degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

Additional information

There is considerable mobility between engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
Geological engineers work closely with geologists and other scientists and engineers, and mobility is possible between some fields of specialization.
Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

Classified elsewhere

Civil engineers (2131)
Engineering managers (0211)
Geoscientists and oceanographers (2113)
Land surveyors (2154)
Mining engineers (2143)
Petroleum engineers (2145)

Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) – NOC : 2147

Unit Group

2147 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers)

Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) research, plan, design, develop, modify, evaluate and integrate computer and telecommunications hardware and related equipment, and information and communication system networks including mainframe systems, local and wide area networks, fibre-optic networks, wireless communication networks, intranets, the Internet and other data communications systems. They are employed by computer and telecommunication hardware manufacturers, by engineering, manufacturing and telecommunications firms, in information technology consulting firms, by governmental, educational and research institutions and in information technology units throughout the private and public sectors.

Example Titles

computer hardware engineer

fibre-optic network designer

hardware circuit board designer

hardware development engineer

hardware technical architect

network test engineer

systems designer – hardware

telecommunications hardware engineer

wireless communications network engineer

View all titles

Main duties

Computer and telecommunications hardware engineers perform some or all of the following duties:
Analyze user’s requirements, and design and develop system architecture and specifications
Research, design, develop and integrate computer and telecommunications hardware such as microprocessors, integrated circuit boards and semiconductor lasers
Develop and conduct design verification simulations and prototype bench tests of components
Supervise, inspect and provide design support during the manufacturing, installation and implementation of computer and telecommunications hardware
Establish and maintain relationships with suppliers and clients
May lead and co-ordinate teams of engineers, technologists, technicians and drafters in the design and development of computer and telecommunications hardware.

Network system and data communication engineers perform some or all of the following duties:

Research, design and develop information and communication system network architecture
Research, evaluate and integrate network system and data communication hardware and software
Assess, document and optimize the capacity and performance of information and communication system networks
May lead and co-ordinate teams of design professionals in the development and integration of information and communication system architecture, hardware and software.

Computer engineers may specialize in a number of areas including analog and digital signal processing, fibre optics, integrated circuits, lasers, microprocessors, microwaves and radio astronomy.

Employment requirements

Computer engineers require a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering, electrical or electronics engineering, engineering physics or computer science.
A master’s or doctoral degree in a related engineering discipline may be required.
Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

Additional information

Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.

Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

Classified elsewhere

Computer and information systems managers (0213)
Computer programmers and interactive media developers (2174)
Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians (2241)
Electrical and electronics engineers (2133)
Engineering managers (0211)
Information systems analysts and consultants (2171)
Software engineers and designers (2173)
Web designers and developers (2175)